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Menstrual cycle The menstrual cycle is a series of natural changes in hormone production and the structures of the uterus and ovaries of the female reproductive system that makes pregnancy possible. The ovarian cycle controls the production and release of eggs and the cyclic release of estrogen and progesterone. The uterine cycle governs the preparation and maintenance of the lining of the ...
The average age of a girl's first period is 12 to 13 (12.5 years in the United States, [6] 12.72 in Canada, [7] 12.9 in the UK [8]) but, in postmenarchal girls, about 80% of the cycles are anovulatory in the first year after menarche, which declines to 50% in the third year, and to 10% by the sixth. [9]
Menstruation is triggered by falling progesterone levels, and is a sign that pregnancy has not occurred. The first period, a point in time known as menarche, usually begins between the ages of 11 and 13. [1] Menstruation starting as young as 8 years would still be considered normal. [2]
The follicular phase lasts from the beginning of menstruation to the start of ovulation. [12] [13] For ovulation to be successful, the ovum must be supported by the corona radiata and cumulus oophorous granulosa cells. [14] The latter undergo a period of proliferation and mucification known as cumulus expansion.
Pregnancy rates for sexual intercourse are highest during the menstrual cycle time from some 5 days before until 1 to 2 days after ovulation. [15] For optimal pregnancy chance, there are recommendations of sexual intercourse every 1 or 2 days, [16] or every 2 or 3 days. [17] Studies have shown no significant difference between different sex ...
Primitive heart tube is forming. Vasculature begins to develop in embryonic disc. (day 20 of fertilization. [1]) Embryo at 4 weeks after fertilization. [3] A 10mm embryo from an ectopic pregnancy, still in the oviduct. This embryo is about five weeks old (or from the seventh week of menstrual age).
Using the LMP (last menstrual period) method, a full-term human pregnancy is considered to be 40 weeks (280 days), though pregnancy lengths between 38 and 42 weeks are considered normal. A fetus born prior to the 37th week of gestation is considered to be preterm.
Ovulation occurs about 109 hours after the start of follicle growth. Estrogen peaks at about 11 am on the day of proestrus. Between then and midnight there is a surge in progesterone , luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone , and ovulation occurs at about 4 am on the next estrus day.