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The Janapada were highest political unit in Northern India during this period; these polities were usually monarchical (though some followed a form of republicanism) and succession was hereditary. The head of a kingdom was a king . A chief priest and a commander of the army who would assist the king.
According to Puranic traditions, this Janapada was founded by Gandhara, son of Aruddha, a descendant of Yayati. The princes of this country are said to have come from the line of Druhyu who was a famous king of the Rigvedic period and one of the five sons of king Yayati of lunar dynasty. The river Indus watered the lands of Gandhara.
Avanti was an ancient Indian Mahajanapada (Great Janapada), roughly corresponding to the present-day Malwa region. According to the Buddhist texts , the Anguttara Nikaya , Avanti was one of the solasa mahajanapadas (sixteen great realms) of the 6th century BCE.
The Panchala janapada is believed to have been formed by multiple janas (tribes). The Shatapatha Brahmana suggests that Panchala was the later name of the Krivi tribe (who, according to the Rigveda, lived on the bank of the Indus river). The later Vedic literature uses the term Panchala to describe the close associates of the Kurus.
Jaanapada is a word made by two words Jana - People or tribe Pada - a kind of short verse joined as a sandhi- a grammatical term. The folk culture and colloquial tongue of Kannadiga and probably Telugu people were known by this name from time the languages came into existence.
Kosala, sometimes referred to as Uttara Kosala (lit. ' Northern Kosala ') was one of the Mahajanapadas of ancient India. [2] [3] It emerged as a small state during the Late Vedic period [4] [5] and became (along with Magadha) one of the earliest states to transition from a lineage-based society to a monarchy. [6]
A terracotta seal excavated in the village mentions the Asmaka janapada. [8] [9] Asmaka also included Mulaka area around Paithan known in ancient times as Pratishthana. [10] According to Sutta Nipata Saketa or Ayodhya was first halting place on the southward road (Dakshinapatha) from Shravasti to Pratishthana. [11]
Sera Vanija Jataka [8] describes about merchants sailing in the Telavana which is identified as Tel river due to oil traffic in the early period. Taitilaka Janapada described in Ashtadhyayi of Grammarin Paanini comprised part of modern Kalahandi and Balangir district, around Titlagarh. The region was famous for brisk trade in rhinoceros ride ...