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Petroleum refinery in Anacortes, Washington, United States. Petroleum refining processes are the chemical engineering processes and other facilities used in petroleum refineries (also referred to as oil refineries) to transform crude oil into useful products such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), gasoline or petrol, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel oil and fuel oils.
In 1937, Sun Oil began operation of a new Houdry unit processing 12,000 barrels per day (1,900 m 3 /d) at their Marcus Hook refinery in Pennsylvania. The Houdry process at that time used reactors with a fixed bed of catalyst and was a semi-batch operation involving multiple reactors with some of the reactors in operation while other reactors ...
There are three types of cokers used in oil refineries: delayed coker, fluid coker and flexicoker. [2] [3] The one that is by far the most commonly used is the delayed coker. The schematic flow diagram below depicts a typical delayed coker: A typical schematic flow diagram of a delayed coking unit
An oil refinery or petroleum refinery is an industrial process plant where petroleum (crude oil) is transformed and refined into products such as gasoline (petrol), diesel fuel, asphalt base, fuel oils, heating oil, kerosene, liquefied petroleum gas and petroleum naphtha.
This is a list of software used to simulate the material and energy balances of chemical process plants. Applications for this include design studies, engineering studies, design audits, debottlenecking studies, control system check-out, process simulation, dynamic simulation, operator training simulators, pipeline management systems, production management systems, digital twins.
Gas to liquids (GTL) is a refinery process to convert natural gas or other gaseous hydrocarbons into longer-chain hydrocarbons, such as gasoline or diesel fuel. Methane -rich gases are converted into liquid synthetic fuels .
Alkylation units have two primary process hazards: 1) The unit process large volumes of light hydrocarbons which are highly flammable and potentially explosive. 2) The acid catalyst is corrosive and toxic. Both SAAU and HFAU contain similar volumes of hydrocarbon with similar risks, but the risks associated with each acid are quite different.
The oil and gas industry is usually divided into three major sectors: upstream, midstream, and downstream. The downstream sector is the refining of petroleum crude oil and the processing and purifying of raw natural gas, [1] as well as the marketing and distribution of products derived from crude oil and natural gas.