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In ecology, the competitive exclusion principle, [1] sometimes referred to as Gause's law, [2] is a proposition that two species which compete for the same limited resource cannot coexist at constant population values. When one species has even the slightest advantage over another, the one with the advantage will dominate in the long term.
Inclusion criteria may include factors such as type and stage of disease, the subject’s previous treatment history, age, sex, race, ethnicity. Exclusion criteria concern properties of the study sample, defining reasons for which patients from the target population are to be excluded from the current study sample. Typical exclusion criteria ...
Selection bias is the bias introduced by the selection of individuals, groups, or data for analysis in such a way that proper randomization is not achieved, thereby failing to ensure that the sample obtained is representative of the population intended to be analyzed. [1]
According to the competitive exclusion principle, species less suited to compete for resources must either adapt or die out, although competitive exclusion is rarely found in natural ecosystems. [3] According to evolutionary theory, competition within and between species for resources is important in natural selection. More recently, however ...
Ecological facilitation or probiosis describes species interactions that benefit at least one of the participants and cause harm to neither. [1] Facilitations can be categorized as mutualisms, in which both species benefit, or commensalisms, in which one species benefits and the other is unaffected.
Biological economics is an interdisciplinary field in which the interaction of human biology and economics is studied. The journal Economics and Human Biology covers the field and has an impact factor of 2.722.
A clinical control group can be a placebo arm or it can involve an old method used to address a clinical outcome when testing a new idea. For example in a study released by the British Medical Journal, in 1995 studying the effects of strict blood pressure control versus more relaxed blood pressure control in diabetic patients, the clinical control group was the diabetic patients that did not ...
In taxonomy, inclusion refers to the scope of a taxon, whether it be the a trait describing rank and diversity [1], or a process of assigning or moving a taxon to be included within or absorbed by another taxon. This could occur as two separate species being found to be a single species or a genus being found to belong to a certain family.