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Furfural is an organic compound with the formula C 4 H 3 OCHO. It is a colorless liquid, although commercial samples are often brown. It has an aldehyde group attached to the 2-position of furan.
Furfuryl alcohol is manufactured industrially by hydrogenation of furfural, which is itself typically produced from waste bio-mass such as corncobs or sugar cane bagasse. As such furfuryl alcohol may be considered a green chemical. [5] One-pot systems have been investigated to produce furfuryl alcohol directly from xylose using solid acid ...
Disulfiram is a medication used to support the treatment of chronic alcoholism by producing an acute sensitivity to ethanol (drinking alcohol). Disulfiram works by inhibiting the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase (specifically the ALDH2 enzyme [3]), causing many of the effects of a hangover to be felt immediately following alcohol consumption.
A 2020 systematic review and meta-analysis concluded that there is no definitive link between alcohol-based mouthwash use and the risk of oral cancer. [21] This should not be confused with the fact that alcohol consumption at any quantity is a risk factor for alcohol and cancer such as cancers of the mouth, esophagus, pharynx and larynx. [22]
Congeners are the basis of alcohol congener analysis, a sub-discipline of forensic toxicology which determines what a person drank. There is some evidence that high-congener drinks induce more severe hangovers , [ 2 ] [ 3 ] but the effect is not well studied and is still secondary to the total amount of ethanol consumed.
The amount and circumstances of consumption play a large role in determining the extent of intoxication; for example, eating a heavy meal before alcohol consumption causes alcohol to absorb more slowly. [1] The amount of alcohol consumed largely determines the extent of hangovers, although hydration also plays a role.
Under ideal conditions the reaction produces 50% of both the alcohol and the carboxylic acid (it takes two aldehydes to produce one acid and one alcohol). [5] This can be economically viable if the products can be separated and both have a value; the commercial conversion of furfural into furfuryl alcohol and 2-furoic acid is an example of this ...
2-methyl-1-butanol - sometimes called "active" amyl alcohol; isobutyl alcohol - one of the least toxic of the butanols. 1-propanol; Other higher alcohols that can be produced during fermentation include: isopropanol (isopropyl alcohol), oxidized to form acetone by alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver, leading to ketosis when ingested in large ...