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A diagnosis may be made when symptoms resulting from concussion last for more than three months after the injury. [8] [9] [6] Loss of consciousness is not required for a diagnosis of concussion or post-concussion syndrome. [10]
Second-impact syndrome (SIS) occurs when the brain swells rapidly, and catastrophically, after a person has a second concussion before symptoms from an earlier one have subsided. This second blow may occur minutes, days, or weeks after an initial concussion, [1] and even the mildest grade of concussion can lead to second impact syndrome. [2]
But the recovery time can vary. Up to about 1/3 of people experience persisting symptoms after concussion (PHAC) or persistent post concussion symptoms (PPAC), defined as symptoms that last more than 4 weeks. [5] [6] [7] After an injury, concussion symptoms can begin immediately or be and delayed by 1-2 days at most. [8]
Twenty-one athletes had a history of concussion and 22 did not. Concussed athletes had their last injury at least nine months before the MRI scans, and half were 26 months or more post-concussion.
A concussion is a mild traumatic brain injury usually “caused by a bump, blow or jolt to the head or by a hit to the body that causes the head and brain to move rapidly back and forth ...
A concussion, also known as a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), is a head injury that temporarily affects brain functioning. [8] Symptoms may include headache, dizziness, difficulty with thinking and concentration, sleep disturbances, mood changes, a brief period of memory loss, brief loss of consciousness; problems with balance; nausea; blurred vision; and mood changes.
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The test, which can be self-administered or given by an interviewer, asks patients to rate the severity of 16 different symptoms commonly found after a mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). [6] Patients are asked to rate how severe each of the 16 symptoms has been over the past 24 hours.