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  2. Symmetry in mathematics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetry_in_mathematics

    Symmetry occurs not only in geometry, but also in other branches of mathematics. Symmetry is a type of invariance: the property that a mathematical object remains unchanged under a set of operations or transformations. [1] Given a structured object X of any sort, a symmetry is a mapping of the object

  3. Symmetry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetry

    This article describes symmetry from three perspectives: in mathematics, including geometry, the most familiar type of symmetry for many people; in science and nature; and in the arts, covering architecture, art, and music. The opposite of symmetry is asymmetry, which refers to the absence of symmetry.

  4. Symmetry number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetry_number

    The symmetry number or symmetry order of an object is the number of different but indistinguishable (or equivalent) arrangements (or views) of the object, that is, it is the order of its symmetry group. The object can be a molecule, crystal lattice, lattice, tiling, or in general any kind of mathematical object that admits symmetries.

  5. Dihedral group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dihedral_group

    The symmetry group of a snowflake is D 6, a dihedral symmetry, the same as for a regular hexagon.. In mathematics, a dihedral group is the group of symmetries of a regular polygon, [1] [2] which includes rotations and reflections.

  6. Symmetric group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetric_group

    The order reversing permutation is the one given by: ( 1 2 ⋯ n n n − 1 ⋯ 1 ) . {\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}1&2&\cdots &n\\n&n-1&\cdots &1\end{pmatrix}}.} This is the unique maximal element with respect to the Bruhat order and the longest element in the symmetric group with respect to generating set consisting of the adjacent ...

  7. Point group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_group

    In geometry, a point group is a mathematical group of symmetry operations (isometries in a Euclidean space) that have a fixed point in common. The coordinate origin of the Euclidean space is conventionally taken to be a fixed point, and every point group in dimension d is then a subgroup of the orthogonal group O(d).

  8. Order (group theory) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_(group_theory)

    The consequences of the theorem include: the order of a group G is a power of a prime p if and only if ord(a) is some power of p for every a in G. [2] If a has infinite order, then all non-zero powers of a have infinite order as well. If a has finite order, we have the following formula for the order of the powers of a: ord(a k) = ord(a) / gcd ...

  9. Orthogonal group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthogonal_group

    This group is a cyclic group of order q + 1 which consists of the powers of g q−1, where g is a primitive element of F q 2, For finishing the proof, it suffices to verify that the group all orthogonal matrices is not abelian, and is the semidirect product of the group {1, −1} and the group of orthogonal matrices of determinant one.