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Until the development of tau-equivalent reliability, split-half reliability using the Spearman-Brown formula was the only way to obtain inter-item reliability. [4] [5] After splitting the whole item into arbitrary halves, the correlation between the split-halves can be converted into reliability by applying the Spearman-Brown formula.
Often discussed in tandem with KR-20, is Kuder–Richardson Formula 21 (KR-21). [4] KR-21 is a simplified version of KR-20, which can be used when the difficulty of all items on the test are known to be equal.
Reliability does not imply validity.That is, a reliable measure that is measuring something consistently is not necessarily measuring what is supposed to be measured.
Previously when assessing a dataset before running a linear regression, the possibility of outliers would be assessed using histograms and scatterplots.
Quantitative Data Analysis with IBM SPSS 17, 18 and 19: A Guide for Social Scientists. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-57918-6. Levesque, R. (2007). SPSS Programming and Data Management: A Guide for SPSS and SAS Users (4th ed.). Chicago, Illinois: SPSS Inc. ISBN 978-1-56827-390-7. SPSS 15.0 Command Syntax Reference. Chicago, Illinois: SPSS ...
Validity is the main extent to which a concept, conclusion, or measurement is well-founded and likely corresponds accurately to the real world. [1] [2] The word "valid" is derived from the Latin validus, meaning strong.
The Lions were built well enough that Goff didn't need to be the best quarterback in the league for them to advance. But even this kind of a Maserati needs a driver who won’t plow into traffic.
Cronbach's alpha (Cronbach's ), also known as tau-equivalent reliability or coefficient alpha (coefficient ), is a reliability coefficient and a measure of the internal consistency of tests and measures.