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An idealized and extreme smiley face curve shown using a 29-band graphic equalizer. A smiley face curve or mid scoop [1] in audio signal processing is a target frequency response curve characterized by boosted low and high frequencies coupled with reduced midrange frequency power.
Equalization, or simply EQ, in sound recording and reproduction is the process of adjusting the volume of different frequency bands within an audio signal. The circuit or equipment used to achieve this is called an equalizer .
Pitch correction is an electronic effects unit or audio software that changes the intonation (highness or lowness in pitch) of an audio signal so that all pitches will be notes from the equally tempered system (i.e., like the pitches on a piano).
A typical sound reinforcement system consists of; input transducers (e.g., microphones), which convert sound energy such as a person singing into an electric signal, signal processors which alter the signal characteristics (e.g., equalizers that adjust the bass and treble, compressors that reduce signal peaks, etc.), amplifiers, which produce a ...
The zero-forcing equalizer applies the inverse of the channel frequency response to the received signal, to restore the signal after the channel. [1] It has many useful applications. For example, it is studied heavily for IEEE 802.11n (MIMO) where knowing the channel allows recovery of the two or more streams which will be received on top of ...
RIAA equalization is a form of pre-emphasis on recording and de-emphasis on playback. A recording is made with the low frequencies reduced and the high frequencies boosted, and on playback, the opposite occurs.
An adaptive equalizer is an equalizer that automatically adapts to time-varying properties of the communication channel. [1] It is frequently used with coherent modulations such as phase-shift keying, mitigating the effects of multipath propagation and Doppler spreading. Adaptive equalizers are a subclass of adaptive filters.
Schematic of an AGC used in the analog telephone network; the feedback from output level to gain is effected via a Vactrol resistive opto-isolator.. Automatic gain control (AGC) is a closed-loop feedback regulating circuit in an amplifier or chain of amplifiers, the purpose of which is to maintain a suitable signal amplitude at its output, despite variation of the signal amplitude at the input.