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Principal component analysis (PCA) is a linear dimensionality reduction technique with applications in exploratory data analysis, visualization and data preprocessing.. The data is linearly transformed onto a new coordinate system such that the directions (principal components) capturing the largest variation in the data can be easily identified.
The scree plot is used to determine the number of factors to retain in an exploratory factor analysis (FA) or principal components to keep in a principal component analysis (PCA). The procedure of finding statistically significant factors or components using a scree plot is also known as a scree test .
Simultaneous component analysis is mathematically identical to PCA, but is semantically different in that it models different objects or subjects at the same time. The standard notation for a SCA – and PCA – model is: = ′ + where X is the data, T are the component scores and P are the component loadings.
L1-norm principal component analysis (L1-PCA) is a general method for multivariate data analysis. [1] L1-PCA is often preferred over standard L2-norm principal component analysis (PCA) when the analyzed data may contain outliers (faulty values or corruptions), as it is believed to be robust .
In the field of multivariate statistics, kernel principal component analysis (kernel PCA) [1] is an extension of principal component analysis (PCA) using techniques of kernel methods. Using a kernel, the originally linear operations of PCA are performed in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space .
In statistics, principal component regression (PCR) is a regression analysis technique that is based on principal component analysis (PCA). PCR is a form of reduced rank regression . [ 1 ] More specifically, PCR is used for estimating the unknown regression coefficients in a standard linear regression model .
Partial least squares (PLS) regression is a statistical method that bears some relation to principal components regression and is a reduced rank regression; [1] instead of finding hyperplanes of maximum variance between the response and independent variables, it finds a linear regression model by projecting the predicted variables and the observable variables to a new space of maximum ...
Functional principal component analysis (FPCA) is a statistical method for investigating the dominant modes of variation of functional data. Using this method, a random function is represented in the eigenbasis, which is an orthonormal basis of the Hilbert space L 2 that consists of the eigenfunctions of the autocovariance operator .