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Many state highway markers are designed to suggest the geographic shape of the state or some other state symbol such as its flag. Most of the others are generically rectangular or some other neutral shape. The default design for state highway markers is the circular highway shield, which is how state highways are indicated on most maps and atlases.
The Interstate shield is the only trademarked highway marker in use in the United States (being registered by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, the trade association of the states' departments of transportation and also a standards organization for highway engineering), and the U.S. Route shield was ...
Example of an original U.S. Route shield, with the state name of "Michigan" and route number of "27" displayed in the original block font. The original design of the shield was presented in the January 1927 edition of the Manual and Specifications for the Manufacture, Display, and Erection of U.S. Standard Road Markers and Signs, the precursor to the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices ...
In 1926, the United States Numbered Highway System was established, creating the first national road numbering system for cross-country travel. The roads were funded and maintained by U.S. states, and there were few national standards for road design. United States Numbered Highways ranged from two-lane country roads to multi-lane freeways.
The Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956 appropriated funding for the Interstate Highway System, to construct a vast network of freeways across the country. By 1957, AASHO had decided to assign a new grid to the new routes, to be numbered in the opposite directions as the U.S. Highway grid.
In addition to the 48 contiguous states, Interstate Highways are found in Hawaii, Alaska, and Puerto Rico. The Federal Highway Administration funds four routes in Alaska and three routes in Puerto Rico under the same program as the rest of the Interstate Highway System.
Some signs can be localized, such as No Parking, and some are found only in state and local jurisdictions, as they are based on state or local laws, such as New York City's "Don't Block the Box" signs. These signs are in the R series of signs in the MUTCD and typically in the R series in most state supplements or state MUTCDs.
The dark green patch on this map is an ad hoc symbol for the country of Poland. In cartography, the principles of cognition are important since they explain why certain map symbols work. [5] In the past, mapmakers did not care why the symbols worked. This behaviorist view treats the human brain like a black box. Modern cartographers are curious ...