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The term bonsai is generally used in English as an umbrella term for all miniature trees in containers or pots. In this article bonsai should be understood to include any container-grown tree that is regularly styled or shaped, not just one being maintained in the Japanese bonsai tradition. [2]
The purposes of bonsai are primarily contemplation (for the viewer) and the pleasant exercise of effort and ingenuity (for the grower). [132] Bonsai practice focuses on long-term cultivation and shaping of one or more small trees growing in a container, beginning with a cutting, seedling, or small tree of a species suitable for bonsai development.
The term "bonsai" itself is a Japanese pronunciation of the earlier Chinese term penzai. The word bonsai is often used in English as an umbrella term for all miniature trees in containers or pots. This article focuses on the history of bonsai in Japan and, in modern times, worldwide.
Kazan, 8th century. The Japanese art of bonsai is believed to have originated from bonkei (盆景, penjing in Chinese) introduced from China. [6] [7] In the Tang Dynasty, there was the art of representing natural scenery with plants and stones in a tray [citation needed]
Botanical name Common name Example References Maclura pomifera: Osage Orange Malpighia, including Malpighia coccigera: Barbados Cherry [6]: 62–63 Magnolia stellata: Star Magnolia
Shimpaku juniper are one of the most popular species for bonsai in the bonsai community. Its attractive foliage and beautiful bark make this one of the top candidates for bonsai. Many wild trees have been collected in Japan, making it extremely rare to find growing wild.
The saplings are usually obtained in bulk from industrial nurseries, which may specialize in selective breeding in order to produce fast growing disease- and pest-resistant strains. In the first few years until the canopy closes, the saplings are looked after, and may be dusted or sprayed with fertilizers or pesticides until established.