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Constructive knowledge would require that a school district “knew or should have known” of the harassment and failed to address it. This doctrine was developed in the Supreme Court case Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson (1986), where the court ruled sexual harassment is a violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Agency theory ...
Violence against women in the Philippines includes different forms of gender-based violence. The term "violence against women" is "the word or concept (that) has been used in a broad, inclusive manner to encompass verbal abuse, intimidation, physical harassment, homicide, sexual assault, and rape." [1] This form of violence is gender-biased ...
Sexual harassment first became codified in U.S. law as the result of a series of sexual harassment cases in the 1970s and 1980s. Many of the early women pursuing these cases were African American, often former civil rights activists who applied principles of civil rights to sex discrimination. [15] Williams v.
Ellerth is most referenced for its two-part affirmative defense for supervisor sexual harassment. In the case, a supervisor is defined by the ability to take a Tangible Employment Action. A Tangible Employment Action makes the company vicariously liable because the agency relationship was used to take the action.
In recent years, the Filipino government has addressed the rights of women under a multitude of legislative schemes including workplace discrimination, domestic violence, sexual harassment and human trafficking. [1] The Philippines has one of the smallest rates of gender disparity in the world.
Philippine business groups said on Friday they deplored the harassment of the country's military, in comments that come after a recent clash between navy personnel and the Chinese coast guard in ...
The jury also concluded the state agency knew of the harassment and failed to take appropriate action to stop it. Superior Court Judge Jill Talley ordered Caltrans and Medina to pay Schimpf ...
In the Philippine Red Cross Building (now Manila Med), more than 53 men were killed. [18] [19] Rape of civilian women at the nurses home of the Philippine General Hospital. [18] Santo Domingo Church in Intramuros where civilians perished by gunfire. German Club where about 100 civilians were killed in the building set on fire, many choked from ...