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Chloral hydrate is metabolized in vivo to trichloroethanol, which is responsible for secondary physiological and psychological effects. [21] The metabolite of chloral hydrate exerts its pharmacological properties via enhancing the GABA receptor complex [22] and therefore is similar in action to benzodiazepines, nonbenzodiazepines and barbiturates.
Chloral tends to form adducts with water (to give chloral hydrate) and alcohols. Aside from its tendency to hydrate, chloral is notable as a building block in the synthesis of DDT. For this purpose, chloral is treated with chlorobenzene in the presence of a catalytic amount of sulfuric acid: Cl 3 CCHO + 2 C 6 H 5 Cl → Cl 3 CCH(C 6 H 4 Cl) 2 ...
Melzer's reagent is an aqueous solution of chloral hydrate, potassium iodide, and iodine.Depending on the formulation, it consists of approximately 2.50-3.75% potassium iodide and 0.75–1.25% iodine, with the remainder of the solution being 50% water and 50% chloral hydrate.
Gamma-aminobutyric acid, a GABA-B receptor agonist. A GABA receptor agonist is a drug that is an agonist for one or more of the GABA receptors, producing typically sedative effects, and may also cause other effects such as anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant effects. [1]
Several efficient benzodiazepines offer choices about dosage form, length of action, metabolic interaction and safety. Benzodiazepines function by binding to the benzodiazepine site on most, but not all, GABA A receptors. GABA A modulation by benzodiazepine site agonists is self-limiting. The channel conductance is not higher in the presence of ...
One possible mechanism of action of chloroform is that it increases the movement of potassium ions through certain types of potassium channels in nerve cells. [56] Chloroform could also be mixed with other anaesthetic agents such as ether to make C.E. mixture, or ether and alcohol to make A.C.E. mixture. [citation needed]
For the Israeli hostages freed Saturday, the suffering did not end when Hamas militants paraded their frail and gaunt figures on a stage in Gaza ahead of their release to the Red Cross.
Xylazine is absorbed, metabolized, and eliminated rapidly. Xylazine can be inhaled or administered intravenously, intramuscularly, subcutaneously, or orally either by itself or in conjunction with other anesthetics, such as ketamine, barbiturates, chloral hydrate, and halothane in order to provide reliable anesthesia effects.