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Unlike human and animal pathology, plant pathology usually focuses on a single causal organism; however, some plant diseases have been shown to be interactions between multiple pathogens. [ 4 ] To colonize a plant, pathogens have specific pathogenicity factors , of five main types: uses of cell wall–degrading enzymes, toxins , effector ...
Plant diseases cause major economic losses for farmers worldwide. Across large regions and many crop species, it is estimated that diseases typically reduce plant yields by 10% every year in more developed settings, but yield loss to diseases often exceeds 20% in less developed settings.
The American Phytopathological Society (APS) is an international scientific organization devoted to the study of plant diseases (phytopathology). APS promotes the advancement of modern concepts in the science of plant pathology and in plant health management in agricultural, urban and forest settings.
Antagonism (in phytopathology) occurs when one organism inhibits or slows down the growth of a plant disease-causing organism, such as harmful bacteria or fungi. [1] Most plants can host a variety of pathogens and are often infected by multiple species simultaneously. [2]
Plant disease epidemiology is the study of disease in plant populations. Much like diseases of humans and other animals, plant diseases occur due to pathogens such as bacteria , viruses , fungi , oomycetes , nematodes , phytoplasmas , protozoa , and parasitic plants . [ 1 ]
Plant immunology frequently treats the terms "PAMP" and "MAMP" interchangeably, considering their recognition to be the first step in plant immunity, PTI (PAMP-triggered immunity), a relatively weak immune response that occurs when the host plant does not also recognize pathogenic effectors that damage it or modulate its immune response.
1902; First chair of plant pathology established, in Copenhagen [1] 1904; Mendelian inheritance of cereal rust resistance demonstrated [1] 1907; First academic department of plant pathology established at Cornell University [1] 1908; American Phytopathological Society founded [1] 1910; Panama disease reaches Western Hemisphere [5]
This category includes economically significant plant diseases and the organisms that cause them including, fungi, bacteria, protists and viruses. For more information on plant pathology see phytopathology. For insects that transmit plant pathogens see Insect vectors of plant pathogens.