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Cholecystitis accounts for 3–10% of cases of abdominal pain worldwide. [43] Cholecystitis caused an estimated 651,829 emergency department visits and 389,180 hospital admissions in the US in 2012. [44] The 2012 US mortality rate was 0.7 per 100,000 people. [44] The frequency of cholecystitis is highest in people age 50–69 years old. [43]
Antibiotics alone are not effective because they may not penetrate infected tissues sufficiently. [30] Antibiotic treatment of gas gangrene, except for C. tertium infections which is treated with vancomycin or metronidazole intravenously, is typically penicillin and clindamycin for about two weeks. [31]
Severe infections typically require IV antibiotics that cover more pathogens, such as gram positive organisms, gram negative organisms, and obligate anaerobes to allow for better treatment outcomes. [4] Total antibiotic treatment of severe infections should be approximately 2–3 weeks or more, depending on how extensive the infection is. [5]
Mayo Clinic is a nonprofit hospital system with campuses in Rochester, Minnesota; Scottsdale and Phoenix, Arizona; and Jacksonville, Florida. [22] [23] Mayo Clinic employs 76,000 people, including more than 7,300 physicians and clinical residents and over 66,000 allied health staff, as of 2022. [5]
Outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) is used to administer non-oral antibiotics (usually intravenously) without the need for ongoing hospitalisation. OPAT is particularly useful for people who are not severely ill but do require a prolonged course of treatment that cannot be given in oral form. [ 1 ]
A recent retrospective study of all cases of ecthyma gangrenosum from 2004 to 2010 in a university hospital in Mexico shows that neutropenia in immunocompromised patients is the most common risk factor for ecthyma gangrenosum. [5]
Metronidazole, sold under the brand name Flagyl among others, is an antibiotic and antiprotozoal medication. [11] It is used either alone or with other antibiotics to treat pelvic inflammatory disease, endocarditis, and bacterial vaginosis. [11] It is effective for dracunculiasis, giardiasis, trichomoniasis, and amebiasis. [11]
Specimens for antibiotic sensitivity testing are ideally collected before treatment is started. [1] A sample may be taken from the site of a suspected infection; such as a blood culture sample when bacteria are suspected to be present in the bloodstream ( bacteraemia ), a sputum sample in the case of a pneumonia , or a urine sample in the case ...