Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
Alexander Wylie, Christian missionary to China, in 1853 already refuted the notion that "the Chinese numbers were written in words at length", and stated that in ancient China, calculation was carried out by means of counting rods, and "the written character is evidently a rude presentation of these". After being introduced to the rod numerals ...
Christopher Cullen: The Suan shu shu Writings on reckoning, Needham Research Institute, pdf free download ; Cullen, Christopher (2007). "The Suàn shù shū, "Writings on reckoning": Rewriting the history of early Chinese mathematics in the light of an excavated manuscript". Historia Mathematica. 34: 10– 44. doi: 10.1016/j.hm.2005.11.006.
Counting rods (筭) are small bars, typically 3–14 cm (1" to 6") long, that were used by mathematicians for calculation in ancient East Asia.They are placed either horizontally or vertically to represent any integer or rational number.
Since early times, Chinese understood basic arithmetic (which dominated far eastern history), algebra, equations, and negative numbers with counting rods. [ citation needed ] Although the Chinese were more focused on arithmetic and advanced algebra for astronomical uses, they were also the first to develop negative numbers, algebraic geometry ...
Within the counting system used with most discrete objects (including animals like sheep), there was a token for one item (units), a different token for ten items (tens), a different token for six tens (sixties), etc. Tokens of different sizes and shapes were used to record higher groups of ten or six in a sexagesimal number system.
An abacus (pl. abaci or abacuses), also called a counting frame, is a hand-operated calculating tool which was used from ancient times in the ancient Near East, Europe, China, and Russia, until the adoption of the Hindu–Arabic numeral system. [1] An abacus consists of a two-dimensional array of slidable beads (or similar objects). In their ...
Get AOL Mail for FREE! Manage your email like never before with travel, photo & document views. Personalize your inbox with themes & tabs. You've Got Mail!
The Suzhou numerals, also known as Sūzhōu mǎzi (蘇州碼子), is a numeral system used in China before the introduction of Hindu numerals.The Suzhou numerals are also known as Soochow numerals, [1] ma‑tzu, [2] huāmǎ (花碼), [3] [better source needed] cǎomǎ (草碼), [3] [better source needed] jīngzǐmǎ (菁仔碼), [3] [better source needed] fānzǐmǎ (番仔碼) [3] [better ...