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Cyanuric chloride is employed as a reagent in organic synthesis for the conversion of alcohols into alkyl chlorides, [8] and carboxylic acids into acyl chlorides: [9]. It is also used as a dehydrating agent, e.g. in the conversion of amides to nitriles, [10] and for the activation of carboxylic acids for reduction to alcohols.
Beckmann reaction. The reaction mechanism for this reaction is based on a catalytic cycle with cyanuric chloride activating the hydroxyl group via a nucleophilic aromatic substitution. The reaction product is dislodged and replaced by new reactant via an intermediate Meisenheimer complex. Beckmann cyanuric acid cataly cycle
With amines, one or more chloride is displaced. The remaining chlorides are reactive, and this theme is the basis of the large field of reactive dyes. Cyanuric chloride assists in the amidation of carboxylic acids. [3] The 1,2,4-triazines can react with electron-rich dienophiles in an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction. This forms a ...
In organic chemistry, the Swern oxidation, named after Daniel Swern, is a chemical reaction whereby a primary or secondary alcohol (−OH) is oxidized to an aldehyde (−CH=O) or ketone (>C=O) using oxalyl chloride, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and an organic base, such as triethylamine.
Cyanogen bromide is the inorganic compound with the formula (CN)Br or BrCN. It is a colorless solid that is widely used to modify biopolymers, fragment proteins and peptides (cuts the C-terminus of methionine), and synthesize other compounds. The compound is classified as a pseudohalogen.
Simazine is an off-white crystalline compound which is sparingly soluble in water. It is a member of the triazine-derivative herbicides, and was widely used as a residual non-selective herbicide, but is now banned in European Union states. [2] Like atrazine, a related triazine herbicide, it acts by inhibiting photosynthesis. It remains active ...
In the Mannich reaction, primary or secondary amines or ammonia react with formaldehyde to form a Schiff base. Tertiary amines lack an N–H proton and so do not react. The Schiff base can react with α-CH-acidic compounds (nucleophiles) that include carbonyl compounds, nitriles, acetylenes, aliphatic nitro compounds, α-alkyl-pyridines or imines.
Cyanogen chloride melts at −6 °C and boils at about 150 °C. Bromine cyanide melts at 52 °C and boils at 61 °C. Iodine cyanide sublimates at normal pressure. [1] Cyanogen fluoride boils at −46 °C and polymerizes at room temperature to cyanuric fluoride. [4] In some of their reactions they resemble halogens.