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Shock therapy describes a set of techniques used in psychiatry to treat depressive disorder or other mental illnesses. It covers multiple forms, such as inducing seizures or other extreme brain states, or acting as a painful method of aversive conditioning. [1] Two types of shock therapy are currently practiced:
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a controversial therapy used to treat certain mental illnesses such as major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, depressed bipolar disorder, manic excitement, and catatonia. [1] These disorders are difficult to live with and often very difficult to treat, leaving individuals suffering for long periods of time.
In an episode of the medical drama House M.D., House puts himself in an insulin shock to try to make his hallucinations disappear. [31] Sylvia Plath's The Bell Jar refers to insulin coma therapy in chapter 15. In Kelly Rimmer's book, The German Wife, the character Henry Davis undergoes insulin shock therapy to treat 'combat fatigue'.
However, his method was used for many years in mental institutions worldwide. In the USA and other countries it was discontinued gradually after the introduction of the electroconvulsive therapy during the 1940s and the first neuroleptic drugs during the 1950s. [3] Dr. Sakel died from heart failure [4] on December 2, 1957, in New York City, NY ...
[24] The New York Times described the public's negative perception of ECT as being caused mainly by one movie: "For Big Nurse in One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, it was a tool of terror, and, in the public mind, shock therapy has retained the tarnished image given it by Ken Kesey's novel: dangerous, inhumane and overused". [25]
It has been used in convulsive therapy, and was found to be effective—primarily for depression—but side effects such as uncontrolled seizures were difficult to avoid. [1] In 1939, pentylenetetrazol was replaced by electroconvulsive therapy , which is easier to administer, as the preferred method for inducing seizures in England's mental ...
Cardiazol convulsion therapy was soon replaced by ECT all over the world. [7] Cerletti and Bini were nominated for a Nobel prize but did not get one. As a trace origin, galvanism may have been a more primitive form of ECT such that James Lind was among the first to suggest electroshock therapy for insanity in the late 1700s. [8]
The Montreal experiments were a series of experiments, initially aimed to treat schizophrenia [1] by changing memories and erasing the patients' thoughts using the Scottish psychiatrist Donald Ewen Cameron's method of "psychic driving", [2] as well as drug-induced sleep, intensive electroconvulsive therapy, sensory deprivation and Thorazine.