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The Pax Romana (Latin for ' Roman peace ') is a roughly 200+-year-long period of Roman history which is identified as a golden age of increased and sustained Roman imperialism, relative peace and order, prosperous stability, hegemonic power, and regional expansion.
Pax, though usually translated into English as "peace," was a compact, bargain, or agreement. [382] In religious usage, the harmony or accord between the divine and human was the pax deorum or pax divom ("the peace of the gods" or "divine peace"). [383] Pax deorum was only given in return for correct religious practice.
Roman beliefs about an afterlife varied, and are known mostly for the educated elite who expressed their views in terms of their chosen philosophy. The traditional care of the dead, however, and the perpetuation after death of their status in life were part of the most archaic practices of Roman religion.
Heretics as well as non-Christians were subject to exclusion from public life or persecution, but, despite the decline of Greco-Roman polytheism, Rome's original religious hierarchy and many aspects of its ritual influenced Christian religion as a whole; [32] various pre-Christian beliefs and practices survived as well in Christian festivals ...
Druids were alleged to practice human sacrifice, a practice abhorrent to the Romans. [10] Pliny the Elder (23–79 AD) wrote "It is beyond calculation how great is the debt owed to the Romans, who swept away the monstrous rites, in which to kill a man was the highest religious duty and for him to be eaten a passport to health." [3]
The latter practice illustrates the Imperial genius as innate to its holder but separable from him as a focus of respect and cult, formally consistent with cult to the personification of ideas and ideals such as Fortune , peace or victory et al. in conjunction with the genius of the emperor, Senate or Roman people; Julius Caesar had showed his ...
The word "pax" together with the Latin name of an empire or nation is used to refer to a period of peace or at least stability, enforced by a hegemon, a so-called Pax imperia ("Imperial peace"). The following is a list of periods of regional peace, sorted by alphabetical order.
Pax Romana, a long period of peace in the early years of the Roman Empire. Debellatio, the peace which follows a war in which one side is annihilated. "Roman Peace" in this usage refers to the end of the Third Punic War, in which Rome wiped out Carthage and allegedly salted the earth to prevent anything from growing there ever again.