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In one-party states, the ruling party's leader (e.g. the General Secretary) is usually the de facto top leader of the state, though sometimes this leader also holds the presidency or premiership. In Andorra , Iran , and Vatican City ( Holy See ), a clergy member also acts as the head of state.
In many countries, a mayor is the highest-ranking official in a municipal government such as that of a city or a town.Worldwide, there is a wide variance in local laws and customs regarding the powers and responsibilities of a mayor as well as the means by which a mayor is elected or otherwise mandated.
This is a list of personal titles arranged in a sortable table. They can be sorted: Alphabetically; By language, nation, or tradition of origin; By function. See Separation of duties for a description of the Executive, Judicial, and Legislative functions as they are generally understood today.
This is a list of state leaders in the 2020s (2020 to today), such as the heads of state, heads of government, or the general secretaries of single-party states.. These polities are generally sovereign states, including states with limited recognition (when recognised by at least one UN member state), but excludes minor dependent territories, whose leaders can be found listed under territorial ...
This is a list of leaders and office-holders of United States of America. Heads of state and government. Presidents of the United States; Vice presidents of the ...
An example of civic engagement, in the form of phone banking. Civic engagement reform arose at the beginning of the 21st century after Robert Putnam's book Bowling Alone brought to light changes in civic participation patterns. Putnam argued that despite rapid increases in higher education opportunities that may foster civic engagement ...
Civil rights leaders are influential figures in the promotion and implementation of political freedom and the expansion of personal civil liberties and rights. They work to protect individuals and groups from political repression and discrimination by governments and private organizations, and seek to ensure the ability of all members of ...
In the House of Representatives the majority leader's presence and power often depends on the session. In some sessions, the majority leader takes precedence over the speaker as House leader and legislative party leader either by force (which usually occurs when the speaker of the House is unpopular) or because the speaker of the House voluntarily surrenders power to the majority leader.