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The memory battery (aka motherboard, CMOS, real-time clock (RTC), clock battery) [2] [10] is generally a CR2032 lithium coin cell.This cell battery has an estimated life of three years when power supply unit (PSU) is unplugged or when the PSU power switch is turned off. [11]
CR2032 battery used as backup battery on a notebook motherboard. Modern personal computer motherboards have a backup battery to run the real-time clock circuit and retain configuration memory while the system is turned off. [1] This is often called the CMOS battery or BIOS battery.
CMOS inverter (a NOT logic gate). Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS, pronounced "sea-moss ", / s iː m ɑː s /, /-ɒ s /) is a type of metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) fabrication process that uses complementary and symmetrical pairs of p-type and n-type MOSFETs for logic functions. [1]
[14] [15] Later, Dallas Semiconductor made compatible RTCs, which were often used in older personal computers, and are easily found on motherboards because of their distinctive black battery cap and silkscreened logo. A standard CMOS interface is available for the PC RTC. [16] In newer computer systems, the RTC is integrated into the ...
The southbridge typically implements the slower capabilities of the motherboard in a northbridge-southbridge chipset computer architecture. In systems with Intel chipsets, the southbridge has been named I/O Controller Hub (ICH) and later replaced by Platform Controller Hub chipsets. In older Intel/AMD architectures the southbridge is usually ...
The BIOS versions in earlier PCs (XT-class) were not software configurable; instead, users set the options via DIP switches on the motherboard. Later computers, including most IBM-compatibles with 80286 CPUs, had a battery-backed nonvolatile BIOS memory (CMOS RAM chip) that held BIOS settings. [48]
Newer motherboards use Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) instead of BIOS. The CMOS (complementary MOS) battery, which powers the CMOS memory for date and time in the BIOS chip. This battery is generally a watch battery. Power MOSFETs make up the voltage regulator module (VRM), which controls how much voltage other hardware components ...
For example, IBM PC's and successors beginning with the IBM PC AT used nonvolatile BIOS memory, often called CMOS RAM or parameter RAM, and this was a common solution in other early microcomputer systems like the original Apple Macintosh, which used a small amount of memory powered by a battery for storing basic setup information like the ...