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In English writing, quotation marks or inverted commas, also known informally as quotes, talking marks, [1] [2] speech marks, [3] quote marks, quotemarks or speechmarks, are punctuation marks placed on either side of a word or phrase in order to identify it as a quotation, direct speech or a literal title or name.
According to the Oxford Dictionaries, this does not include, for example, the standard abbreviations for titles such as Professor ("Prof.") or Reverend ("Rev."), because they do not end with the last letter of the word they are abbreviating. [27] In American English, the common convention is to include the period after all such abbreviations. [27]
The manual clearly places an emphasis on the use of white space to create a pleasing document by noting spacing rules that differ from current norms such as the use of two spaces before opening a parenthesis, after closing quotation marks, and after opening single quotation marks inside of sentences. [54]
(The comma after "there" is placed within the quotation marks, no matter where or whether it appeared in the original text.) Colons, semi-colons, question marks and exclamation marks follow the closing quotation marks, unless the question or exclamation mark were part of the quoted text.
Interpunct, Period: Decimal separator: ♀ ♂ ⚥ Gender symbol: LGBT symbols ` Grave (symbol) Quotation mark#Typewriters and early computers ̀: Grave (diacrictic) Acute, Circumflex, Tilde: Combining Diacritical Marks, Diacritic > Greater-than sign: Angle bracket « » Guillemet: Angle brackets, quotation marks: Much greater than Hedera ...
Italicize names of books, films, TV series, music albums, paintings, and ships—but not short works like songs or poems, which should be in quotation marks. Place a full stop (a period) or a comma before a closing quotation mark if it belongs as part of the quoted material (She said, "I'm feeling carefree. "); otherwise, put it after (The word ...
For example, "Stop!" has the punctuation inside the quotation marks because the word "stop" is said with emphasis. However, when using "scare quotes", the comma goes outside. Other examples: Arthur said the situation was "deplorable". (The full stop (period) is not part of the quotation.)
because there the quotation is a complete sentence (requiring a period) while it sits at the end of another complete sentence (requiring its own period). I will often use just this style, since I'm a hyperlogical person, but most people regard it as too ugly, so the usual style convention is to keep only the period inside the quotation marks.