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A cataract is a cloudy area in the lens of the eye that leads to a decrease in vision of the eye. [ 1 ] [ 7 ] Cataracts often develop slowly and can affect one or both eyes. [ 1 ] Symptoms may include faded colours, blurry or double vision , halos around light, trouble with bright lights, and difficulty seeing at night . [ 1 ]
At some point—usually as you enter middle age—most people develop this eye condition, which is a clouding of the eye’s lens that can get progressively worse and impair your vision. According ...
Cataracts are the leading cause of child and adult blindness that doubles in prevalence with every ten years after the age of 40. [57] Consequently, today cataracts are more common among adults than in children. [56] That is, people face higher chances of developing cataracts as they age.
As of 2023, the cataract-surgery rate in South Africa is less than half of the estimated requirement of at least 2,000 per million population per year needed to eliminate cataract blindness. [19] [20] In 2011, Lecuona and Cook identified an inadequate level of human resources in the public sector to provide care for the indigent population. [20]
Cataract surgery is the removal of the natural lens of the eye that has developed a cataract, an opaque or cloudy area. [3] Over time, metabolic changes of the crystalline lens fibres lead to the development of a cataract, causing impairment or loss of vision.
It is caused when aqueous humour fails to adequately drain from the eye, resulting in pressure build-up. [10] Keratoconus: vision problems can be caused when the cornea thins and distorts into a conical shape. While the cause is unknown, Keratoconus is believed to be congenital, and can be exacerbated by allergies and eye rubbing. [11]
System: Eye and visual system: Significant diseases: Cataract, retinal disease (including diabetic retinopathy and other types of retinopathy), glaucoma, corneal disease, eyelid and orbital disorders, uveitis, strabismus and disorders of the ocular muscles, ocular neoplasms (malignancies, or cancers, and benign eye tumors), neuro-ophthalmologic disorders (including disorders of the optic nerve)
Treatment options depend on the severity of the condition. For children under the age of two years old whose vision is affected by the cataracts in both eyes, surgical options include intraocular lens implantation or a lensectomy. [2] Congenital cataracts are considered to be a significant cause of childhood blindness.