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Once inside the body, the bacteria may spread to a number of body systems and organs, including the heart, where the toxins produced by the bacteria may cause cardiac arrest. Once the bacterium has been identified as the cause of the illness, treatment is often in the form of antibiotics and, where possible, drainage of the infected area.
The classic symptoms of a bacterial infection are localized redness, heat, swelling and pain. One of the hallmarks of a bacterial infection is local pain, pain that is in a specific part of the body. For example, if a cut occurs and is infected with bacteria, pain occurs at the site of the infection.
Bacterial pathogens often cause infection in specific areas of the body. Others are generalists. Bacterial vaginosis is a condition of the vaginal microbiota in which an excessive growth of Gardnerella vaginalis and other mostly anaerobic bacteria displace the beneficial Lactobacilli species that maintain healthy vaginal microbial populations. [13]
However, the bacteria may be killed by the presence of ultraviolet light. [1] Bacteria can enter the body through wounds, inhalation, and ingestion of contaminated soil or water. [1] Person-to-person transmission is extremely rare. [2] Melioidosis is a recognised disease in animals including pigs, cats, dogs, goats, sheep, horses, and others.
Walking pneumonia, a lung infection caused by the bacterium Mycoplasma pneumoniae, tends to be most common among older children and adolescents but in 2024 has been rampant among young children.
Necrotizing fasciitis (NF), also known as flesh-eating disease, is an infection that kills the body's soft tissue. [3] It is a serious disease that begins and spreads quickly. [ 3 ] Symptoms include red or purple or black skin, swelling, severe pain, fever , and vomiting. [ 3 ]
Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive spherically shaped bacterium, a member of the Bacillota, and is a usual member of the microbiota of the body, frequently found in the upper respiratory tract and on the skin. It is often positive for catalase and nitrate reduction and is a facultative anaerobe, meaning that it can grow without oxygen. [1]
If TB bacteria gain entry to the blood stream from an area of damaged tissue, they can spread throughout the body and set up many foci of infection, all appearing as tiny, white tubercles in the tissues. [96] This severe form of TB disease, most common in young children and those with HIV, is called miliary tuberculosis. [97]