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  2. Gateway drug effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateway_drug_effect

    The gateway drug effect (alternatively, stepping-stone theory, escalation hypothesis, or progression hypothesis) is a comprehensive catchphrase for the often observed effect that the use of a psychoactive substance is coupled to an increased probability of the use of further substances.

  3. LaGuardia Committee report - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaGuardia_Committee_report

    The LaGuardia Committee report was an official scientific report published in 1944 that questioned the prohibition of cannabis in the United States. [1] [2] The report contradicted claims by the U.S. Treasury Department that smoking marijuana deteriorates physical and mental health, assists in criminal behavior and juvenile delinquency, is physically addictive, and is a "gateway" drug to more ...

  4. Effects of nicotine on human brain development - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_nicotine_on...

    A 2015 review concluded that "Nicotine acts as a gateway drug on the brain, and this effect is likely to occur whether the exposure is from smoking tobacco, passive tobacco smoke or e-cigarettes." [25] Nicotine may have a profound impact on sleep. [26] The effects on sleep vary after being intoxicated, during withdrawal, and from long-term use ...

  5. Long-term effects of cannabis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-term_effects_of_cannabis

    Over time, the marijuana gateway hypothesis has been studied more and more. In one published study, the use of marijuana was shown not a reliable gateway cause of illicit drug use. [67] However, social factors and environment influence drug use and abuse, making the gateway effects of cannabis different for those in differing social circumstances.

  6. Tobacco and other drugs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco_and_other_drugs

    The two main theories, which are not mutually exclusive, are the phenotypic causation (gateway) model and the correlated liabilities model. The causation model argues that smoking is a primary influence on future drug use, while the correlated liabilities model argues that smoking and other drug use are predicated on genetic or environmental ...

  7. Legalization of non-medical cannabis in the United States

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legalization_of_non...

    Research shows that the actual "gateway" is the illegal drug market. The World Health Organization noted that any gateway effect associated with marijuana use may actually be due to marijuana prohibition because "exposure to other drugs when purchasing cannabis on the black market increases the opportunity to use other illicit drugs."

  8. Arguments for and against drug prohibition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arguments_for_and_against...

    In Europe as of 2007, Sweden spends the second highest percentage of GDP, after the Netherlands, on drug control. [12] The UNODC argues that when Sweden reduced spending on education and rehabilitation in the 1990s in a context of higher youth unemployment and declining GDP growth, illicit drug use rose [13] but restoring expenditure from 2002 again sharply decreased drug use as student ...

  9. 1972 California Proposition 19 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972_California_Proposition_19

    Marijuana is poorly researched and understood and has dangerous, unpredictable side effects. Marijuana is a gateway drug and potentially addicting. Countries that experimented with marijuana legalization experienced negative social consequences and again imposed criminal penalties. Marijuana legalization will result in social disintegration.