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There are seven soil deposits in India. They are alluvial soil, black soil, red soil, laterite soil, or arid soil, and forest and mountainous soil, marsh soil. These soils are formed by various geographical factors. They also have varied chemical properties. Sundarbans mangrove swamps are rich in marsh soil.
Red soil in India. Red soil is a type of soil that typically develops in warm, temperate, and humid climates and comprises approximately 13% of Earth's soils. [1] It contains thin organic and organic-mineral layers of highly leached soil resting on a red layer of alluvium.
Most of the region with igneous basaltic rock consists of black soil. These soils have a high clay content, retain moisture and are resistant to erosion, but develop cracks during the dry season. The gneiss peneplain region in the low rainfall areas in the eastern vicinity of the Western Ghats consist of infertile red soil. [32] [37]
The region consists of fertile red and black soil interspersed with gneiss and sandstone rock formations formed during the paleogene and neogene eras. The sands in the beaches consists of small granites and zircon. The vegetation consists of littoral forests on the coasts and tropical moist deciduous forests inland. [3]
Depending on soil and climate variations, West Bengal can be divided into six broad divisions: [9] The hill region in the north; The Terai and Teesta alluvial region of North Bengal; The laterectic, red and gravely undulating region in the west; The coastal alluvial region in the south; The Gangetic alluvial region in the east
India's border with Bangladesh runs 4,096.70 km (2,545.57 mi). [1] West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram are the states which share the border with Bangladesh. [12] Before 2015, there were 92 enclaves of Bangladesh on Indian soil and 106 enclaves of India were on Bangladeshi soil. [13]
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Highly oxidized red soil in Tirunelveli District, India. Red colors often indicate iron accumulation or oxidation in oxygen-rich, well-aerated soils. [4] Iron concentrations caused by redox reactions because of diffusion of iron in crystalline and metermorphic rock, in periodically saturated soils may also present red colors, particularly along root channels or pores.