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English: This detailed astronaut photograph depicts the summit caldera of the volcano. The huge caldera—6 kilometers in diameter and 1,100 meters deep—formed when Tambora’s estimated 4,000-meter-high peak was removed, and the magma chamber below emptied during the 1815 eruption.
Mount Tambora, or Tomboro, is an active stratovolcano in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Located on Sumbawa in the Lesser Sunda Islands , it was formed by the active subduction zones beneath it. Before 1815 , its elevation reached more than 4,300 metres (14,100 feet) high, making it one of the tallest peaks in the Indonesian archipelago.
This cooling directly or indirectly caused 90,000 deaths. The eruption of Mount Tambora was the largest cause of this climate anomaly. [22] While there were other eruptions in 1815, Tambora is classified as a VEI-7 eruption with a column 45 km (148,000 ft) tall, eclipsing all others by at least one order of magnitude.
Art Bicnick/Getty. 1783: Laki, Iceland ... It’s believed about 15,000 people died. In the 1990s, the volcano began grumbling out of its slumber again. Wikimedia Commons. 1815: Mount Tambora ...
The 1667 and 1739 eruptions of Mount Tarumae in Hokkaido, Japan. [6] The 1707 eruption of Mount Fuji in Japan. The 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora in the island of Sumbawa, Indonesia. The 1883 eruption of Krakatoa in Sunda Strait, Indonesia. The 1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera in New Zealand. The 1902 eruption of Santa María in Guatemala. [7]
The Sangeang Api (island of Sangeang) and Satonda are eruption centers associated to the Tambora volcano [7] — and therefore to the phenomenal 10–15 April 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora which ejected 50km 3 of rock (150 km 3 of pumice and pyroclastics) and affected a large part of the Earth. [b]
The most severe eruptions on Earth in historical times took place in Indonesia. In 1815, the giant eruption of Mount Tambora, a stratovolcano, became the largest known eruption in the world during historical times, and it had such a large effect on the climate that the following year, 1816, in Europe was known as the year without summer. 40 km 3 of ash were produced as a result of the eruption ...
The main cause of the Year Without a Summer is generally held to be a volcanic winter created by the April 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora on Sumbawa. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] The eruption had a volcanic explosivity index (VEI) ranking of 7, and ejected at least 37 km 3 (8.9 cu mi) of dense-rock equivalent material into the atmosphere. [ 10 ]