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García, Richard A. Rise of the Mexican American Middle Class, San Antonio, 1919–1941 (Texas A&M UP, 1991) McKenzie, Phyllis. The Mexican Texans. (Texas A&M University Press, 2004). ISBN 1585443077, 9781585443079. Menchaca, Martha, The Mexican American Experience in Texas: Citizenship, Segregation, and the Struggle for Equality (U of Texas ...
Mexican Texas is the historiographical name used to refer to the era of Texan history between 1821 and 1836, when it was part of Mexico. Mexico gained independence in 1821 after winning its war against Spain , which began in 1810.
Unlike its predecessor, the Mexican law required immigrants to practice Catholicism and stressed that foreigners needed to learn Spanish. [10] Settlers were supposed to own property or have a craft or useful profession, and all people wishing to live in Texas were expected to report to the nearest Mexican authority for permission to settle.
The first empresarial grant in Texas had been made under Spanish control to Stephen F. Austin, whose settlers, known as the Old Three Hundred, settled along the Brazos River in 1822. The grant was later ratified by the Mexican government. Twenty-three other empresarios brought settlers to the state, the majority from the United States.
In 1829, U.S. President Andrew Jackson made a failed attempt to buy Texas from Mexico (for $5 million). [4] By 1832 the number of American settlers topped 30,000, [5] very few of the settlers obeyed any of the three compromises, and most had also brought slavery into Texas, which was against Mexican Law.
Texians were Anglo-American residents of Mexican Texas and, later, the Republic of Texas. Today, the term is used to identify early Anglo settlers of Texas, especially those who supported the Texas Revolution. Mexican settlers of that era are referred to as Tejanos, and residents of modern Texas are known as Texans.
After a Mexican soldier bludgeoned a Gonzales resident on September 10, 1835, tensions rose even further, and Mexican authorities felt it unwise to leave the settlers with a weapon. [53] Colonel Domingo de Ugartechea , commander of all Mexican military forces in Texas, sent a small detachment of troops to retrieve the cannon. [ 39 ]
The chaos in the Mexican interior and the Texian success at Anahuac emboldened other Texas settlers to take arms against garrisons throughout eastern Texas. [12] Within weeks, settlers expelled all Mexican soldiers from eastern Texas. [13] Free from military oversight, the settlers began to increase their political activity. [14]