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A rolling hash (also known as recursive hashing or rolling checksum) is a hash function where the input is hashed in a window that moves through the input.. A few hash functions allow a rolling hash to be computed very quickly—the new hash value is rapidly calculated given only the old hash value, the old value removed from the window, and the new value added to the window—similar to the ...
In computer science, the two-way string-matching algorithm is a string-searching algorithm, discovered by Maxime Crochemore and Dominique Perrin in 1991. [1] It takes a pattern of size m, called a “needle”, preprocesses it in linear time O(m), producing information that can then be used to search for the needle in any “haystack” string, taking only linear time O(n) with n being the ...
In game theory, "guess 2 / 3 of the average" is a game where players simultaneously select a real number between 0 and 100, inclusive. The winner of the game is the player(s) who select a number closest to 2 / 3 of the average of numbers chosen by all players. [1]
The distinction between the two is subtle: "higher-order" describes a mathematical concept of functions that operate on other functions, while "first-class" is a computer science term for programming language entities that have no restriction on their use (thus first-class functions can appear anywhere in the program that other first-class ...
The most widely known string metric is a rudimentary one called the Levenshtein distance (also known as edit distance). [2] It operates between two input strings, returning a number equivalent to the number of substitutions and deletions needed in order to transform one input string into another.
In information theory, linguistics, and computer science, the Levenshtein distance is a string metric for measuring the difference between two sequences. The Levenshtein distance between two words is the minimum number of single-character edits (insertions, deletions or substitutions) required to change one word into the other.
A string (or word [23] or expression [24]) over Σ is any finite sequence of symbols from Σ. [25] For example, if Σ = {0, 1}, then 01011 is a string over Σ. The length of a string s is the number of symbols in s (the length of the sequence) and can be any non-negative integer; it is often denoted as |s|.
Dice are an example of a mechanical hardware random number generator. When a cubical die is rolled, a random number from 1 to 6 is obtained. Random number generation is a process by which, often by means of a random number generator (RNG), a sequence of numbers or symbols is generated that cannot be reasonably predicted better than by random chance.