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The African independence movements took place in the 20th century, when a wave of struggles for independence in European-ruled African territories were witnessed. Notable independence movements took place: Algeria (former French Algeria), see Algerian War; Angola (former Portuguese Angola), see Portuguese Colonial War
Order of independence of African nations, 1950–2011 The decolonisation of Africa was a series of political developments in Africa that spanned from the mid-1950s to 1975, during the Cold War . Colonial governments gave way to sovereign states in a process often marred by violence, political turmoil, widespread unrest, and organised revolts.
Ghana constantly served as an example giving rise to demands by political movements in French West Africa throughout the 1950s. [4] During the same period, violent anti-colonial struggles reached significant levels in many other French colonies: including the Malagasy Uprising in Madagascar and violence in the First Indochina War in Vietnam. [6]
Large-scale decolonization in Africa first began in the 1950s. In 1951, Libya became the first African country to gain independence in the decade, and in 1954 the Algerian War began. 1956 saw Sudan , Morocco , and Tunisia become independent, and the next year Ghana became the first sub-saharan African nation to gain independence.
Wunyabari O. Maloba regards the rise of the Mau Mau movement as "without doubt, one of the most important events in recent African history". [108] David Anderson, however, considers Maloba's and similar work to be the product of "swallowing too readily the propaganda of the Mau Mau war", noting the similarity between such analysis and the ...
Positive Action was launched to fight imperialism and demand "self government now" and independence from colonial rule by the British. through a campaign of nonviolence and political education of the people. However, when Nkrumah launched the campaign, riots erupted throughout the capital, Accra. [2] [3] [4] [5]
The decolonization of Africa started with Libya in 1951, although Liberia, South Africa, Egypt and Ethiopia were already independent. Many countries followed in the 1950s and 1960s, with a peak in 1960 with the Year of Africa, which saw 17 African nations declare independence, including a large part of French West Africa. Most of the remaining ...
The Year of Africa was a major boost for African Americans, themselves engaged in the Civil Rights Movement within the United States. [36] The Baltimore Afro-American , confident that sit-ins would defeat segregation in the Southern United States, editorialized: "The 'winds of change' which are sweeping over Africa, are blowing in the benighted ...