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Alkenes cause instability of hydrocarbon fuels. [9] Fluid catalytic cracking is a commonly used process, and a modern oil refinery will typically include a cat cracker, particularly at refineries in the US, due to the high demand for gasoline. [10] [11] [12] The process was first used around 1942 and employs a powdered catalyst. During WWII ...
In the fossil fuel industries, hydrocarbon refers to naturally occurring petroleum, natural gas and coal, or their hydrocarbon derivatives and purified forms. Combustion of hydrocarbons is the main source of the world's energy. Petroleum is the dominant raw-material source for organic commodity chemicals such as solvents and polymers.
The naphtha is a mixture of very many different hydrocarbon compounds. It has an initial boiling point of about 35 °C and a final boiling point of about 200 °C, and it contains paraffin, naphthene (cyclic paraffins) and aromatic hydrocarbons ranging from those containing 6 carbon atoms to those containing about 10 or 11 carbon atoms.
Isoprenes in animals form the important steroid structural (cholesterol) and steroid hormone compounds; and in plants form terpenes, terpenoids, some alkaloids, and a class of hydrocarbons called biopolymer polyisoprenoids present in the latex of various species of plants, which is the basis for making rubber. Biologists usually classify the ...
In chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting only of carbon and hydrogen. They all consist of carbon backbone and atoms of hydrogen attached to that backbone, also see aliphatic hydrocarbons.
Instead, the hundreds of different hydrocarbon molecules in crude oil are separated in a refinery into components that can be used as fuels, lubricants, and feedstocks in petrochemical processes that manufacture such products as plastics, detergents, solvents, elastomers, and fibers such as nylon and polyesters.
A 3D model of ethyne (), the simplest alkyneIn organic chemistry, an alkyne is an unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon—carbon triple bond. [1] The simplest acyclic alkynes with only one triple bond and no other functional groups form a homologous series with the general chemical formula C n H 2n−2.
1.122 064 990 122 11 × 10 37: C 82 H 166: n-dooctacontane 83 2.150 278 094 747 97 × 10 32: 3.578 584 997 560 67 × 10 37: C 83 H 168: n-trioctacontane 84 5.875 317 238 265 77 × 10 32: 1.141 724 657 744 27 × 10 38: C 84 H 170: n-tetraoctacontane 85 1.605 913 778 494 71 × 10 33: 3.643 883 155 873 11 × 10 38: C 85 H 172: n-pentaoctacontane ...