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The outliers can be plotted on the box-plot as a dot, a small circle, a star, etc. (see example below). There are other representations in which the whiskers can stand for several other things, such as: One standard deviation above and below the mean of the data set; The 9th percentile and the 91st percentile of the data set
A bagplot, or starburst plot, [1] [2] is a method in robust statistics for visualizing two-or three-dimensional statistical data, analogous to the one-dimensional box plot. Introduced in 1999 by Rousseuw et al., the bagplot allows one to visualize the location, spread, skewness , and outliers of a data set.
In the classical boxplot, the box itself represents the middle 50% of the data. Since the data ordering in the contour boxplot is from the center outwards, the 50% central region is defined by the band delimited by the 50% of deepest, or the most central observations.
A common collection of order statistics used as summary statistics are the five-number summary, sometimes extended to a seven-number summary, and the associated box plot. Entries in an analysis of variance table can also be regarded as summary statistics. [1]: 378
Box-and-whisker plot with four mild outliers and one extreme outlier. In this chart, outliers are defined as mild above Q3 + 1.5 IQR and extreme above Q3 + 3 IQR. The interquartile range is often used to find outliers in data. Outliers here are defined as observations that fall below Q1 − 1.5 IQR or above Q3 + 1.5 IQR.
If the sample has mean 0, standard deviation 1 then a line through 0 with slope 1 could be used. With more points, random deviations from a line will be less pronounced. Normal plots are often used with as few as 7 points, e.g., with plotting the effects in a saturated model from a 2-level fractional factorial experiment. With fewer points, it ...
The PPCC plot is formed by: Vertical axis: Probability plot correlation coefficient; Horizontal axis: Value of shape parameter. That is, for a series of values of the shape parameter, the correlation coefficient is computed for the probability plot associated with a given value of the shape parameter. These correlation coefficients are plotted ...
The outliers in the speed-of-light data have more than just an adverse effect on the mean; the usual estimate of scale is the standard deviation, and this quantity is even more badly affected by outliers because the squares of the deviations from the mean go into the calculation, so the outliers' effects are exacerbated. The plots below show ...