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High tibial osteotomy is an orthopaedic surgical procedure which aims to correct a varus deformation with compartmental osteoarthritis.Since the inception of the procedure, advancements to technique, fixation devices, and a better understanding of patient selection has allowed HTO to become more popular in younger, more active patients hoping to combat arthritis. [1]
The location of the removed wedge of bone depends on where osteoarthritis has damaged the knee cartilage. The most common type of osteotomy performed on arthritic knees is a high tibial osteotomy, which addresses cartilage damage on the inside (medial) portion of the knee. The procedure usually takes 60 to 90 minutes to perform. [9]
The length of post-operative hospitalization is five days on average depending on the health status of the patient and the amount of support available outside the hospital setting. [65] Protected weight bearing on crutches or a walker is required until specified by the surgeon [ 66 ] because of weakness in the quadriceps muscle.
In medicine, the Ilizarov apparatus is a type of external fixation apparatus used in orthopedic surgery to lengthen or to reshape the damaged bones of an arm or a leg; used as a limb-sparing technique for treating complex fractures and open bone fractures; and used to treat an infected non-union of bones, which cannot be surgically resolved.
Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is used in orthopedic surgery, and oral and maxillofacial surgery to repair skeletal deformities and in reconstructive surgery. [1] [2] [3] It was originally used to treat problems like unequal leg length, but since the 1980s is most commonly used to treat issues like hemifacial microsomia, micrognathism (chin so small it causes health problems), craniofrontonasal ...
Surgical treatment is typically indicated for high-energy trauma fractures. [1] Intramedullary nailing is a common technique, but external fixation may have equivalent outcomes and be preferred under certain patient conditions that may preclude intramedullary nailing, such as the presence of a total knee arthroplasty. [6] [7]
The Orthopaedic Trauma Association Committee for Coding and Classification initially published their classification system covering the whole skeleton in 1996. [5] In 2006 [6] they published a revision, unifying the Muller/AO and OTA systems into a single alphanumeric classification, which has been further updated in 2018: [7]
[4] [6] Appropriate wound management is important to reduce the high rate of infectious complications and secondary wound healing problems associated with open pilon fractures. [7] Vacuum-assisted wound closure therapy and using a staged protocol (awaiting soft-tissue recovery before extensive reconstructive efforts) may play a positive role.