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Acheulean (/ ə ˈ ʃ uː l i ə n /; also Acheulian and Mode II), from the French acheuléen after the type site of Saint-Acheul, is an archaeological industry of stone tool manufacture characterized by the distinctive oval and pear-shaped "hand axes" associated with Homo erectus and derived species such as Homo heidelbergensis.
The Chelleo-Acheulean is a Palaeolithic stone tool industry that marks a transitional stage between the Chellean (Abbevillian or Oldowan) and the Acheulean. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Louis Leakey identified eleven stages of development in the Chelleo-Acheulean "hand axe culture" in Africa .
Acheulean handaxes from Kent. The types shown are (clockwise from top) cordate, ficron, and ovate. The types shown are (clockwise from top) cordate, ficron, and ovate. In the archaeology of the Stone Age , an industry or technocomplex [ 1 ] is a typological classification of stone tools .
A hand axe (or handaxe or Acheulean hand axe) is a prehistoric stone tool with two faces that is the longest-used tool in human history. [1] It is made from stone, usually flint or chert that has been "reduced" and shaped from a larger piece by knapping , or hitting against another stone.
The predominant tool types are large cutting tools, including cleavers, handaxes, and picks. [1] [5] [20] [21] Few knives and a low proportion of core scrapers have been reported from this level. [21] The Acheulean large cutting tools are finely made and well-refined, indicating the improvement of knapping skills from the older Lukingi layers. [2]
It follows the Acheulian and precedes the Mousterian. It is also called the Mugharan Tradition [1] or the Acheulo-Yabrudian Cultural Complex (AYCC). [2] The Acheulo-Yabrudian complex has three stone-tool traditions, chronologically: the Acheulo-Yabrudian, the Yabrudian and the Pre-Aurignacian or Amudian.
The handheld tools for scraping and cutting were no longer sought after, for tools with shapes that fit the hand seemed to be the upcoming trend. Starting about 1.6 million years ago, this new technology evolution emerged, known as the Acheulean tradition. Tools classified under this category are known as the earliest indicators of hand axe ...
The Acheulean was characterised not by the core, but by the biface, the most notable form of which was the hand axe. [18] The Acheulean first appears in the archaeological record as early as 1.7 million years ago in the West Turkana area of Kenya and contemporaneously in southern Africa.