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Only a small subset of possible byte strings are error-free UTF-8: several bytes cannot appear; a byte with the high bit set cannot be alone; and in a truly random string a byte with a high bit set has only a 1 ⁄ 15 chance of starting a valid UTF-8 character. This has the (possibly unintended) consequence of making it easy to detect if a ...
Zero-byte files may arise in cases where a program creates a file but aborts or is interrupted prematurely while writing to it. Because writes are cached in memory and only flushed to disk at a later time ( page cache ), a program that does not flush its writes to disk or terminate normally may result in a zero-byte file.
Files that contain machine-executable code and non-textual data typically contain all 256 possible eight-bit byte values. Many computer programs came to rely on this distinction between seven-bit text and eight-bit binary data, and would not function properly if non-ASCII characters appeared in data that was expected to include only ASCII text.
Pairs of hexadecimal digits (each pair can represent a byte) are the current standard, because the vast majority of machines and file formats in use today handle data in units or groups of 8-bit bytes. Hexadecimal and also octal are common because these digits allow one to see which bits in a byte are set. Today, decimal instead of hexadecimal ...
MPEG-1 Layer 3 file without an ID3 tag or with an ID3v1 tag (which is appended at the end of the file) 49 44 33: ID3: 0 mp3 MP3 file with an ID3v2 container 42 4D: BM: 0 bmp dib BMP file, a bitmap format used mostly in the Windows world 43 44 30 30 31: CD001: 0x8001 0x8801 0x9001 iso ISO9660 CD/DVD image file [40] 43 44 30 30 31: CD001: 0x5EAC9 ...
In most encodings, this is translated to a single code unit with a zero value. For instance, in UTF-8 it is a single zero byte. However, in Modified UTF-8 the null character is encoded as two bytes: 0xC0,0x80. This allows the byte with the value of zero, which is now not used for any character, to be used as a string terminator.
A binary file is a computer file that is not a text file. [1] The term "binary file" is often used as a term meaning "non-text file". [ 2 ] Many binary file formats contain parts that can be interpreted as text; for example, some computer document files containing formatted text , such as older Microsoft Word document files, contain the text of ...
JPEG/Exif files contain the null terminated string "Exif" (45 78 69 66 00), followed by more metadata about the file. PNG image files begin with an 8-byte signature which identifies the file as a PNG file and allows detection of common file transfer problems: "\211PNG\r\n\032\n" (89 50 4E 47 0D 0A 1A 0A).