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Citizenship is a legal status in a political institution such as a city or a state.The relationship between a citizen and the institution that confers this status is formal, and in contemporary liberal-democratic models includes both a set of rights that the citizen possesses by virtue of this relationship, and a set of obligations or duties that they owe to that institution and their fellow ...
Citizenship is a membership and allegiance to a sovereign state. [1] [a]Though citizenship is often conflated with nationality in today's English-speaking world, [3] [4] [5] international law does not usually use the term citizenship to refer to nationality; [6] [7] these two notions are conceptually different dimensions of collective membership.
Today, the concept of full citizenship encompasses not only active political rights, but full civil rights and social rights. [7] Historically, the most significant difference between a national and a citizen is that the citizen has the right to vote for elected officials, and the right to be elected. [7]
Nationality defines the legal relationship between a person and a state or nation, specifying who is a member or subject of a particular nation. [3] [4] [5] The rights and obligations of citizenship are defined by this relationship, as well as the protections to which nationals are entitled.
The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 made a distinction between "citizenship" and "nationality" of the United States: all United States citizens are also United States nationals, but not all U.S. nationals are also U.S. citizens. [79] Hence, it is possible for a person to be a national of the United States but not a U.S. citizen.
[6]: 1707–1708 In law, nationality describes the relationship of a national to the state under international law and citizenship describes the relationship of a citizen within the state under domestic statutes. Different regulatory agencies monitor legal compliance for nationality and citizenship.
A foreign national is any person (including an organization) who is not a national of a specific country. [1] [2] For example, in the United States and in its territories, a foreign national is something or someone who is neither a citizen nor a national of the United States. [3] The same applies in Canada. [4]
National identity, like other social identities, engenders emotions such as pride and love for one's nation and a feeling of obligation toward other citizens. [24] The socialization of national identity, such as socializing national pride and a sense of the country's exceptionalism contributes to harmony among ethnic groups.