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Humus has a characteristic black or dark brown color and is an accumulation of organic carbon. Besides the three major soil horizons of (A) surface/topsoil, (B) subsoil, and (C) substratum, some soils have an organic horizon (O) on the very surface. Hard bedrock (R) is not in a strict sense soil.
The term comes from humus, which in turn comes from the Latin word humus, meaning "soil, earth". [1] Humic substances represent the major part of organic matter in soil , peat , coal , and sediments , and are important components of dissolved natural organic matter (NOM) in lakes (especially dystrophic lakes ), rivers, and sea water .
Soil consists of both mineral (inorganic) and organic components. The organic components can be subdivided into fractions that are soluble, largely humic acids, and insoluble, the humins.
Hummus (/ ˈ h ʊ m ə s /, / ˈ h ʌ m ə s /; [1] [2] Arabic: حُمُّص ḥummuṣ, ' chickpeas ', also spelled hommus or houmous), is a Middle Eastern dip, spread, or savory dish made from cooked, mashed chickpeas blended with tahini, lemon juice, and garlic. [3] The standard garnish in the Middle East includes olive oil, a few whole ...
Organic matter, organic material, or natural organic matter refers to the large source of carbon-based compounds found within natural and engineered, terrestrial, and aquatic environments. It is matter composed of organic compounds that have come from the feces and remains of organisms such as plants and animals . [ 1 ]
The material from composting toilets is a humus-like material, which can be suitable as a soil amendment for agriculture. Compost from residential composting toilets can be used in domestic gardens, and this is the main such use. Enriching soil with compost adds substantial nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, carbon and calcium.
The humus layer is composed of fully decomposed plant material. Because of the slow and incomplete process of fungal decomposition, the humus layer is very thin. There is very little blending of material between the humus layer and the mineral soil below resulting in the absence of organic matter in the top mineral soil horizon.
Humus formation is a process dependent on the amount of plant material added each year and the type of base soil. Both are affected by climate and the type of organisms present. [ 157 ] Soils with humus can vary in nitrogen content but typically have 3 to 6 percent nitrogen.