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  2. Humus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humus

    Humus has a characteristic black or dark brown color and is an accumulation of organic carbon. Besides the three major soil horizons of (A) surface/topsoil, (B) subsoil, and (C) substratum, some soils have an organic horizon (O) on the very surface. Hard bedrock (R) is not in a strict sense soil.

  3. Loam - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loam

    Loam (the high-humus definition, not the soil texture definition) may be used for the construction of houses, for example in loam post and beam construction. [6] Building crews can build a layer of loam on the inside of walls, which can help to control air humidity. Loam, combined with straw, can be used as rough construction material to build ...

  4. List of building materials - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_building_materials

    This is a list of building materials. Many types of building materials are used in the construction industry to create buildings and structures . These categories of materials and products are used by architects and construction project managers to specify the materials and methods used for building projects .

  5. Humic substance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humic_substance

    The term comes from humus, which in turn comes from the Latin word humus, meaning "soil, earth". [1] Humic substances represent the major part of organic matter in soil , peat , coal , and sediments , and are important components of dissolved natural organic matter (NOM) in lakes (especially dystrophic lakes ), rivers, and sea water .

  6. Humin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humin

    However, high value applications have started to receive more attention, notably the use of humins in the preparation of catalytic materials [11] and in material applications (e.g. plastic reinforcement and construction materials).

  7. Subsoil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsoil

    Like topsoil, it is composed of a variable mixture of small particles such as sand, silt and clay, but with a much lower percentage of organic matter and humus. The subsoil is labeled the B Horizon in most soil mapping systems. Because it has less organic matter than topsoil, subsoil soil colour is mainly derived from iron oxides.

  8. Physical properties of soil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_properties_of_soil

    As the primary minerals in soil parent material weather, the elements combine into new and colourful compounds. Iron forms secondary minerals of a yellow or red colour, [117] organic matter decomposes into black and brown humic compounds, [118] and manganese [119] and sulfur [120] can form black mineral deposits. These pigments can produce ...

  9. Soil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil

    Humus refers to organic matter that has been decomposed by soil microflora and fauna to the point where it is resistant to further breakdown. Humus usually constitutes only five percent of the soil or less by volume, but it is an essential source of nutrients and adds important textural qualities crucial to soil health and plant growth. [158]