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Modern public school education was introduced in Spain in 1857. [33] This did not exist in any other colony of any European power in Asia. The concept of mass education was relatively new, an offshoot of the 18th century Age of Enlightenment. [34] France was the first country in the world to create a system of mass, public education in 1833.
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José Rizal's life is one of the most documented of 19th-century Filipinos due to the vast and extensive records written by and about him. [29] Almost everything in his short life is recorded somewhere. He was a regular diarist and prolific letter writer, and much of this material has survived.
The ilustrado class was composed of Philippine-born and/or raised intellectuals and cut across ethnolinguistic and racial lines—mestizos (both de Sangleyes and de Español), insulares, and indios, among others—and sought reform through "a more equitable arrangement of both political and economic power" under Spanish tutelage.
The letter is one of the works suggested by the Commission of Higher Education to be studied by Philippine college students in the general education core course on Rizal's life and works, alongside his novels Noli Me Tángere and El Filibusterismo. [45]
Rizal did not take in Santo Tomas "class of physics" he described in El Filibusterismo, but the course of Ampliación. [16] While studying medicine, Rizal remained above average, although his grades were not as high as those that he received in classes in the arts and letters. This continued even in his later studies in Madrid.
[11]: 30–31 Those with wealth and education were considered more likely to acquiesce to American rule compared to those in the middle class. [12]: 46–47 This elite minority was seen as the key to gaining acceptance of American rule, and the Americans appropriated selected narratives such as the veneration of José Rizal.
The prologue for W.E. Retana’s book on Rizal was written by Javier Gómez de la Serna, while the epilogue was written by Miguel de Unamuno (1864–1936). Vida y Escritos del Dr. José Rizal is the first biographical account of the life of Rizal written by a non-Filipino author (the second is Rizal: Philippine Nationalist and Martyr by British ...