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Concrete cover, in reinforced concrete, is the least distance between the surface of embedded reinforcement and the outer surface of the concrete (ACI 130). The concrete cover depth can be measured with a cover meter. The purpose of concrete cover is to protect the reinforcement from corrosion, fire, and other potential damage.
The height of the ribs and beams should be 1 ⁄ 25 of the span between columns. [3] The width of the solid area around the column should be 1 ⁄ 8 of the span between columns. Its height should be the same as the ribs. [3] Diagram showing waffle slab rib and Beam Heights rule of thumb formulas.
All concrete structures will crack to some extent, due to shrinkage and tension. Concrete which is subjected to long-duration forces is prone to creep. The density of concrete varies, but is around 2,400 kilograms per cubic metre (150 lb/cu ft). [1] Reinforced concrete is the most common form of concrete.
By reducing the weight of the slab without compromising its structural strength, it is possible to create a thicker slab to support more weight over a longer span. Hollow-core slabs , also known as voided slabs, initially appeared as one-way elements in Europe during the 1950s, and are still commonly manufactured in precast form for ...
A concrete slab is a common structural element of modern buildings, consisting of a flat, horizontal surface made of cast concrete. Steel- reinforced slabs, typically between 100 and 500 mm thick, are most often used to construct floors and ceilings, while thinner mud slabs may be used for exterior paving ( see below ).
The parts are in terms of weight – not volume. For example, 1-cubic-foot (0.028 m 3) of concrete would be made using 22 lb (10.0 kg) cement, 10 lb (4.5 kg) water, 41 lb (19 kg) dry sand, 70 lb (32 kg) dry stone (1/2" to 3/4" stone). This would make 1-cubic-foot (0.028 m 3) of concrete and would weigh about 143 lb (65 kg). The sand should be ...
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