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The most famous deep-sky object in Andromeda is the spiral galaxy cataloged as Messier 31 (M31) or NGC 224 but known colloquially as the Andromeda Galaxy for the constellation. [53] M31 is one of the most distant objects visible to the naked eye, 2.2 million light-years from Earth (estimates range up to 2.5 million light-years). [54]
The distance estimate comes from computing how far the object must be to make its observed absolute velocity appear with the observed angular motion. Expansion parallaxes in particular can give fundamental distance estimates for objects that are very far, because supernova ejecta have large expansion velocities and large sizes (compared to stars).
English: NASA's Swift satellite has acquired the highest-resolution view of the neighbouring spiral galaxy M31. Also known as the Andromeda Galaxy, M31 is the largest and closest such galaxy to our own. It's more than 220,000 light-years across and lies 2.5 million light-years away in the constellation Andromeda.
It was originally named the Andromeda Nebula and is cataloged as Messier 31, M31, and NGC 224. Andromeda has a D 25 isophotal diameter of about 46.56 kiloparsecs (152,000 light-years ) [ 8 ] and is approximately 765 kpc (2.5 million light-years) from Earth.
M33 is not visible, M31 is modestly apparent; limiting magnitude with 12.5" reflector is 14.5; 7 Suburban/urban transition 4.6–5.0 18.00–18.5 light pollution makes the entire sky light gray; strong light sources are evident in all directions; clouds are brightly lit; the Milky Way is nearly or totally invisible; M31 and M44 may be glimpsed ...
For example, Messier 1 is a supernova remnant, known as the Crab Nebula, and the great spiral Andromeda Galaxy is M31. Further inclusions followed; the first addition came from Nicolas Camille Flammarion in 1921, who added Messier 104 after finding Messier's side note in his 1781 edition exemplar of the catalogue.
See also: Globular cluster, List of globular clusters Mayall II , also known as NGC-224-G1 , SKHB 1 , GSC 2788:2139 , HBK 0-1 , M31GC J003247+393440 or Andromeda's Cluster , is a globular cluster orbiting M31, the Andromeda Galaxy .
Messier 81 (also known as NGC 3031 or Bode's Galaxy) is a grand design spiral galaxy about 12 million light-years away in the constellation Ursa Major.It has a D 25 isophotal diameter of 29.44 kiloparsecs (96,000 light-years).