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The fruit of the mangosteen is sweet and tangy, juicy, somewhat fibrous, with fluid-filled vesicles (like the flesh of citrus fruits), with an inedible, deep reddish-purple colored rind when ripe. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] In each fruit, the fragrant edible flesh that surrounds each seed is botanically endocarp , i.e., the inner layer of the ovary .
The rind of partially ripe mangosteen fruit yields mangostin and also the related compound β-mangostin. Researchers conducted the optimization steps in order to increase the yield of α-mangostin extraction from the pericarp of the mangosteen and was able to achieve 9.2 g/kg DW. [1]
Garcinia prainiana, known as the button mangosteen or cherapu is a species of Garcinia.Its fruit has a flavor similar to, but distinct from, its cousin, the purple mangosteen, with an interesting taste some have compared to a tangerine, but unlike its cousin it has a tissue-thin skin rather than a hard rind, making it much easier to eat out-of-hand.
Garcinia xanthochymus, the false mangosteen, gamboge, yellow mangosteen, Himalayan Garcinia, or sour mangosteen is a species of mangosteens found from India, southern China, and Japan through Indochina to Peninsular Malaysia at elevations of 0 - 1400 meters. [2] Plants are found growing in humid forests of valleys or on hills.
Garcinia intermedia is a species of tropical American tree which produces edible fruit. [2] In English it is known as the lemon drop mangosteen (a name it shares with the closely related and similarly tasting Garcinia madruno) or sometimes monkey fruit.
Garcinia pedunculata is an evergreen tree related to the purple mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana).The tree is endemic to the south-eastern regions of Asia such as parts of Myanmar, Bangladesh and north-eastern parts of India.
Plants that produce recalcitrant seeds include avocado, mango, mangosteen, lychee, cocoa, rubber tree, some horticultural trees, [2] aquatic plants such as Nymphaea caerulea [3], and several plants used in traditional medicine, such as species of Virola and Pentaclethra.
Garcinia livingstonei (African mangosteen, lowveld mangosteen, Livingstone's garcinia or imbe) is a species of Garcinia, native to a broad area of tropical Africa, from Côte d'Ivoire east to Somalia, and south to South Africa. [1] [2] Flower. It is an evergreen small tree, growing to 6–18 m tall.