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The EAR99 designation covers the majority of items that fall under the regulations but are not listed in the CCL. [9] These items are generally low-technology consumer goods not requiring a license, with some exceptions such as items sent to an embargoed country or an end-user of concern, or to be used for a prohibited end-use. [10]
The harmonised regimes reduce the opportunity for 'tourism' where a particular country is chosen for its lax controls pertaining to some particular item. Even with the harmonised regimes, some countries choose to augment with additional classification, e.g. the USA with its 'xx99x' ECCN classifications in their Commerce Control List. [17]
The United States Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) assigns an alphanumeric code, known as the Commodity Classification Automated Tracking System (CCATS), to products classified under the Export Administration Regulations (EAR).
For export purposes each item is classified with the Export Control Classification Number (ECCN) with the help of the Commerce Control List (CCL, Supplement No. 1 to the EAR part 774). In particular: [6] 5A002 Systems, equipment, electronic assemblies, and integrated circuits for "information security. Reasons for Control: NS1, AT1.
National LambdaRail (NLR) was a 12,000-mile (19,000 km), high-speed national computer network owned and operated by the U.S. research and education community. In November 2011, the control of NLR was purchased from its university membership by a billionaire Patrick Soon-Shiong. NLR ceased operations in March 2014.
Numerous other U.S. federal agencies have their own niche export control regulations. The first step in exporting a Commerce Control List item under the Bureau of Industry and Security regulations is to identify the Export Control Classification Number .
The Wassenaar Arrangement List's categories are typically processed, and merged with other sources, e.g. Category 5.A.2 maps on to US ECCN 5A002, and EU control classification 5A002. The Munitions List has 22 categories, which are not labeled.
The United States government has adopted two types of regulations to control exports of military-relevant items: ITAR, which cover weapons and defense articles specifically (such as missiles); and the Export Administration Regulations, which cover items that may have uses in defense articles (such as a radar component used in a certain missile).