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Phosphorus is a chemical element; it has symbol P and atomic number 15. Elemental phosphorus exists in two major forms, white phosphorus and red phosphorus , but because it is highly reactive , phosphorus is never found as a free element on Earth.
Group 15 consists of the elements nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), bismuth (Bi), and moscovium (Mc). Since 1988, it has been called Group 15 by the IUPAC . Before that, in America it was called Group V A , owing to a text by H. C. Deming and the Sargent-Welch Scientific Company , while in Europe it was called Group V B ...
A chemical element, often simply called an element, is a type of atom which has a specific number of protons in its atomic nucleus (i.e., a specific atomic number, or Z). [ 1 ] The definitive visualisation of all 118 elements is the periodic table of the elements , whose history along the principles of the periodic law was one of the founding ...
This is a list of chemical elements and their atomic properties, ordered by atomic number (Z).. Since valence electrons are not clearly defined for the d-block and f-block elements, there not being a clear point at which further ionisation becomes unprofitable, a purely formal definition as number of electrons in the outermost shell has been used.
where Z is the atomic number, and α is the fine-structure constant, a measure of the strength of electromagnetic interactions. [96] Under this approximation, any element with an atomic number of greater than 137 would require 1s electrons to be traveling faster than c, the speed of light. Hence, the non-relativistic Bohr model is inaccurate ...
Each distinct atomic number therefore corresponds to a class of atom: these classes are called the chemical elements. [5] The chemical elements are what the periodic table classifies and organizes. Hydrogen is the element with atomic number 1; helium, atomic number 2; lithium, atomic number 3; and so on.
For phosphorus (element 15) as an example, the concise form is [Ne] 3s 2 3p 3. Here [Ne] refers to the core electrons which are the same as for the element neon (Ne), the last noble gas before phosphorus in the periodic table. The valence electrons (here 3s 2 3p 3) are written explicitly for all atoms.
The atomic number of an element is equal to the number of protons in each atom, and defines the element. [15] For example, all carbon atoms contain 6 protons in their atomic nucleus ; so the atomic number of carbon is 6. [ 16 ]