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The first heart sound, or S 1, forms the "lub" of "lub-dub" and is composed of components M 1 (mitral valve closure) and T 1 (tricuspid valve closure). Normally M 1 precedes T 1 slightly. It is caused by the closure of the atrioventricular valves , i.e. tricuspid and mitral (bicuspid), at the beginning of ventricular contraction, or systole .
English: Heart sounds auscultation areas. Colors: red - tricuspid valve, yellow - pulmonary valve, green - mitral valve, navy - aortic valve, light blue - Erb's point.
Heart murmurs are unique heart sounds produced when blood flows across a heart valve or blood vessel. [1] This occurs when turbulent blood flow creates a sound loud enough to hear with a stethoscope. [2] The sound differs from normal heart sounds by their characteristics. For example, heart murmurs may have a distinct pitch, duration and timing.
In 70% of cases rheumatic heart disease involves only the mitral valve, while 25% of cases involve both the aortic and mitral valves. Involvement of other heart valves without damage to the mitral is exceedingly rare. [23] Mitral stenosis is almost always caused by rheumatic heart disease. [16]
A heart valve is a biological one-way valve that allows blood to flow in one direction through the chambers of the heart. A mammalian heart usually has four valves. Together, the valves determine the direction of blood flow through the heart. Heart valves are opened or closed by a difference in blood pressure on each side. [1] [2] [3]
Dr. Davis emphasizes that valve damage is not only caused by poor dietary habits, explaining, “Diet is often talked about in connection to heart disease, but valve damage has different causes.
A gallop rhythm refers to a (usually abnormal) rhythm of the heart on auscultation. [1] It includes three or four sounds, thus resembling the sounds of a gallop.. The normal heart rhythm contains two audible heart sounds called S 1 and S 2 that give the well-known "lub-dub" rhythm; they are caused by the closing of valves in the heart.
Heart failure is the result of many diseases affecting the heart, but is most commonly associated with ischemic heart disease, valvular heart disease, or high blood pressure. Less common causes include various cardiomyopathies .
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