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Frequency. >100,000 per year (US) [ 1 ] Paracetamol poisoning, also known as acetaminophen poisoning, is caused by excessive use of the medication paracetamol (acetaminophen). [ 2 ] Most people have few or non-specific symptoms in the first 24 hours following overdose. These symptoms include feeling tired, abdominal pain, or nausea.
Contents. Paracetamol. Paracetamol (acetaminophen[ a ]) is a non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic agent used to treat fever and mild to moderate pain. [ 14 ][ 15 ][ 16 ] It is a widely used over-the-counter medication. Common brand names include Tylenol and Panadol.
Timeline of US drug overdose death rates by race and ethnicity. [4] Rate per 100,000 population. The word "overdose" implies that there is a common safe dosage and usage for the drug; therefore, the term is commonly applied only to drugs, not poisons, even though many poisons as well are harmless at a low enough dosage.
Salicylate poisoning. A skeletal structural formula for aspirin. Salicylate poisoning, also known as aspirin poisoning, is the acute or chronic poisoning with a salicylate such as aspirin. [1] The classic symptoms are ringing in the ears, nausea, abdominal pain, and a fast breathing rate. [1]
For paracetamol overdose, it works by increasing the level of glutathione, an antioxidant that can neutralise the toxic breakdown products of paracetamol. [9] When inhaled, it acts as a mucolytic by decreasing the thickness of mucus. [14] Acetylcysteine was initially patented in 1960 and came into medical use in 1968.
The therapeutic index (TI; also referred to as therapeutic ratio) is a quantitative measurement of the relative safety of a drug. It is a comparison of the amount of a therapeutic agent that causes toxicity to the amount that causes the therapeutic effect. [1] The related terms therapeutic window or safety window refer to a range of doses ...
Absorption/distribution: The half-life of oral paracetamol is 1.25 to 3 hours and peak level is reached by 10–60 minutes after ingestion. [ 20 ] Metabolism/excretion: Paracetamol is metabolized primarily in the liver via glucuronidation and sulfation to mostly non-toxic metabolites and some highly reactive metabolites, which is inactivated by ...
The minimum dosage at which paracetamol causes toxicity usually is 7.5 to 10g in the average person. [2] The lethal dose is usually between 10 g and 15 g. [citation needed] Concurrent alcohol intake lowers these thresholds significantly. Chronic alcoholics may be more susceptible to adverse effects due to reduced glutathione levels. [3]