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In the short term, paracetamol is safe and effective when used as directed. [33] Short term adverse effects are uncommon and similar to ibuprofen, [34] but paracetamol is typically safer than nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for long-term use. [35] Paracetamol is also often used in patients who cannot tolerate NSAIDs like ibuprofen.
The term non-steroidal, common from around 1960, distinguishes these drugs from corticosteroids, another class of anti-inflammatory drugs, [7] which during the 1950s had acquired a bad reputation due to overuse and side-effect problems after their introduction in 1948. [8] [9] [10]
Codeine/paracetamol, also called codeine/acetaminophen and co-codamol, is a compound analgesic, comprising codeine phosphate and paracetamol (acetaminophen). Codeine/paracetamol is used for the relief of mild to moderate pain when paracetamol or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs; such as ibuprofen, aspirin, and naproxen) alone do not sufficiently relieve symptoms.
The active ingredient of its original flagship product is paracetamol (known in the United States, Canada, and various other countries as acetaminophen), an analgesic and antipyretic. Like the words paracetamol and acetaminophen, the brand name Tylenol is derived from a chemical name for the compound, N-acetyl-para-aminophenol (APAP). [1]
Micrograph of fatty liver, as may be seen due to long-term prednisone use. Trichrome stain.. Short-term side effects, as with all glucocorticoids, include high blood glucose levels (especially in patients with diabetes mellitus or on other medications that increase blood glucose, such as tacrolimus) and mineralocorticoid effects such as fluid retention. [24]
Due to the extensive risk of side effects associated with the use of corticosteroids, it is generally recommended for short term therapy. For example, during a flare-up or an episode of arthritic symptoms, short-term corticosteroids are administered to rapidly decrease inflammation of the joints.
Common side effects with long-term use include bone loss, weakness, yeast infections, and easy bruising. [6] While short-term use in the later part of pregnancy is safe, long-term use or use in early pregnancy is occasionally associated with harm to the baby. [1] It is a glucocorticoid made from hydrocortisone . [10]
In contrast, paracetamol is a safe and effective medication that is taken without complications by millions of people. [52] In addition, alternative pain relief medications such as aspirin are more toxic in overdose, whereas non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are associated with more adverse effects following normal use. [53]