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In geology, shear is the response of a rock to deformation usually by compressive stress and forms particular textures. Shear can be homogeneous or non-homogeneous, and may be pure shear or simple shear. Study of geological shear is related to the study of structural geology, rock microstructure or rock texture and fault mechanics.
In geology, a shear zone is a thin zone within the Earth's crust or upper mantle that has been strongly deformed, due to the walls of rock on either side of the zone slipping past each other. In the upper crust, where rock is brittle, the shear zone takes the form of a fracture called a fault .
Such fractures occur in planar parallel sets at an angle of 60 degrees and can be of the same size and scale as joints. As a result, some "conjugate joint sets" might actually be shear fractures. Shear fractures are distinguished from joints by the presence of slickensides, the products of shearing movement parallel to the fracture surface. The ...
Strike-slip tectonics or wrench tectonics is a type of tectonics that is dominated by lateral (horizontal) movements within the Earth's crust (and lithosphere).Where a zone of strike-slip tectonics forms the boundary between two tectonic plates, this is known as a transform or conservative plate boundary.
Transtension is the state in which a rock mass or area of the Earth's crust experiences both extensive and transtensive shear. As such, transtensional regions are characterised by both extensional structures (normal faults, grabens) and wrench structures (strike-slip faults). In general, many tectonic regimes that were previously defined as ...
Shear (geology), a form of fault in rocks Shear stress in physics, refers to a stress state that will cause shearing when it exceeds a material's shear strength; Shearing (physics), the deformation of a material substance in which parallel internal surfaces slide past one another
This section calculates the force required to cut a piece of material with a shearing action. The relevant information is the area of the material being sheared, i.e. the area across which the shearing action takes place, and the shear strength of the material. A round bar of steel is used as an example.
In structural geology, en échelon veins, "en échelon gash fractures" or "Tiger Stripes" are structures within rock caused by noncoaxial shear. [1] En echelon veins can be parallel or subparallel, closely-spaced, overlapping or step-like minor structural features in rock.