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ER-positive is one of the Receptor statuses identified in the classification of breast cancer.Receptor status was traditionally considered by reviewing each individual receptor (ER, PR, her2) in turn, but newer approaches look at these together, along with the tumor grade, to categorize breast cancer into several conceptual molecular classes [1] that have different prognoses [2] and may have ...
There are two different forms of the estrogen receptor, usually referred to as α and β, each encoded by a separate gene (ESR1 and ESR2, respectively).Hormone-activated estrogen receptors form dimers, and, since the two forms are coexpressed in many cell types, the receptors may form ERα (αα) or ERβ (ββ) homodimers or ERαβ (αβ) heterodimers. [3]
There are two main types of estrogen receptor (ER): estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), and estrogen receptor beta (ER-β), also known as NR3A2. Both are nuclear receptors activated by the sex hormone estrogen. Estrogen signaling can be selectively stimulated or inhibited, dependent on the equilibrium of these two receptor types in target organs. [4]
Estrogen receptor positive (ER+) cancer cells depend on estrogen for their growth, so they can be treated with drugs to reduce either the effect of estrogen (e.g. tamoxifen) or the actual level of estrogen (e.g. aromatase inhibitors), and generally have a better prognosis.
Indeed, breast tumors can express certain hormone receptors, and use these to grow and proliferate. These hormone receptors (HR) are the estrogen receptor (ER) and the progesterone receptor (PR). Immunohistochemical analysis of a tumor sample, taken via biopsy or after surgery, is utilized to determine the presence of these receptors. To ...
Palazestrant is an investigational new drug which is being evaluated for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer, with a dual mechanism of action as both a complete estrogen receptor antagonist (CERAN) and a selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD). This orally bioavailable small molecule has demonstrated potent ...
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